Tarihin Tattalin Arzikin Musulunci

Tarihin Tattalin Arzikin Musulunci

Wannan karamin kaso ne na tattalin arzikin Musulunci da duniyar musulmi .

Tsakanin karni na 9 zuwa na 14, al'ummar musulmai sun samu ci gaba a fannonin tattalin arziki, dabaru da amfani da dama. Wadannan sun fito ne daga fannonin samarwa, zuba jari, kudi, bunkasar tattalin arziki, haraji, amfani da kadarori irin su Hawala : tsarin canja wurin kima na farko, amintattun Musulunci, da aka fi sani da wakafi, tsarin kwangilar da ‘yan kasuwa suka dogara da su, kudin gama gari da ake yaduwa. cak, bayanin kula, kwangiloli na farko, takardar kuɗin musaya, da nau'ikan haɗin guiwar kasuwanci kamar mufawada.

Ƙa'idodin Musulunci na musamman da suka haɗa da kuɗi, dukiya, haraji, sadaka da Rukunoni biyar sun haɗa da.

• zakka ("haraji na wasu kaya, kamar girbi, don ware wadannan haraji don fadada hakan, shi ma an bayyana shi a fili, kamar taimakon mabukata");
• Gharar ("haɗin kai na dama ... wato, kasancewar duk wani abu na rashin tabbas, a cikin kwangila (wanda ya keɓe ba kawai inshora ba har ma da ba da lamuni na kudi ba tare da shiga cikin haɗari ba); da kuma
• riba ("kowane nau'in wuce gona da iri ko rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan da aka yi musanya ko kimar ƙima" ^[1] ).

Wadannan ra'ayoyi, kamar sauran a cikin shari'ar Musulunci da fikihu, sun zo daga "rubutun, anecdotes, misalai, da kalmomin Annabi, duk sun taru tare da systematized da tafsiri bisa ga inductive, casuistic hanya." [2] Wani lokaci ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin kamar al-urf, (al'adar), al- 'aql ( dalili ) ko al- ijma (ijma'in malaman fikihu ). ^[2] Bugu da kari, shari'ar Musulunci ta samar da wasu bangarori na shari'a wadanda suka dace da dokokin kwangiloli da azabtarwa .

Malaman Musulunci na zamani sun zana ra'ayi na gargajiya. ^[3][4] Tattalin arzikin Musulunci na zamani ya samo asali ne tun a shekarar 1945, kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2004 an kafa bankunan Musulunci a cikin kasashe sama da 8, kuma an haramta riba a kasashe uku: Pakistan, Iran da Sudan .

1. ↑ El‐Sheikh, S., 2008. The moral economy of classical Islam: a hiqhiconomic model. The Muslim World, 98(1), p.120.
2. ↑ Schirazi, Asghar, Constitution of Iran, (1997), p.170
3. ↑ Siegfried, N.A., 2001. Concepts of paper money in Islamic legal thought. Arab LQ, 16, p.319.
4. ↑ Siegfried, N.A., 2001. Concepts of paper money in Islamic legal thought. Arab LQ, 16, p.319.